Composites are increasingly used in vehicle manufacturing

Composite materials are increasingly used in the manufacture of vehicles. It is urgently needed to research and develop new materials and new processes that can make the product quality more stable, produce more efficient, and lower the cost of molding and processing. Today's composite molding is not limited to hand lay-up, molding, winding, etc. New process methods such as roll molding, pultrusion, autoclave, etc. have emerged one after another. The matrix resin is developed from the traditional general-purpose o-benzene, m-benzene resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin to high-performance epoxy vinyl ester resin, and the reinforcing material is developed from glass fiber to high-performance carbon fiber and aramid fiber. The use of these high-performance materials has greatly improved the structure and performance of composite materials, increased the molding speed and manufacturing quality, and accelerated the practical application of composite materials in automobiles. It is believed that with the development of the vehicle industry, various excellent raw materials will be developed to meet the needs of the growing vehicle industry. Different molding processes, such as SMC/BM, RIM, vacuum molding, injection molding and pultrusion, have corresponding applications in vehicle manufacturing. Since the 1980s, many world-famous vehicle manufacturers have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to develop composite materials technology and advanced composite materials applications in the automotive industry. At present, the manufacture and application of composite vehicles are increasingly widespread.

In the late 1980s, the outer cover of composite car body was widely used and promoted, such as engine hood, fenders, doors, roof panels, shrouds, and rear tailgates, etc., and even appeared full-composite truck driving. Room and car body. The amount of vehicle composite materials used in Europe and the United States accounts for about 33% of the total output of composite materials in the country, and shows an increasing trend. Composite materials range from the simple manufacture of non-supporting parts to the manufacture of load-bearing parts, from the exterior parts of vehicles to the interior parts and structural parts of automobiles, and have been developed into advanced composite drive shafts, leaf springs and all-composite materials. Chassis and bodywork. The French Public SORA Division has developed a fully composite passenger car body and heavy truck cab for Renault Motors. Shanghai GM Liuzhou and Dongfeng plans to launch a full-compound domestic car. At the same time, the use of thickenable epoxy vinyl ester resins for SMC/BMC is also growing. Vinyl ester resins can be designed to meet the requirements of the sheet molding compound process, namely thickened vinyl ester resins (eg FUCHEM 893). This is a resin that allows the curing process to be carried out in stages. It is used for prepreg or sheet molding compound, allowing the curing reaction to proceed first, and then to stage A and then hot press forming. The resin must have a chemical thickening property, and can retain the unsaturation in the molecule so that it can be cross-linked and cured during molding.

To this end, acidic functional groups have been introduced onto the vinyl ester molecules for thickening reactions. This kind of resin has better permeability to glass fiber than polyester resin, and has better fluidity, so that the pressure during hot pressing can be reduced, and there is a rapid reaction speed in the B stage. This epoxy vinyl ester resin sheet molding compound can be used to mold structural parts, particularly automotive structural parts, to reduce weight. The addition of thermoplastic low shrinkage additives improves surface properties and low shrinkage. The vinyl ester resin SMC/BMC is mainly used in automobiles, especially for the manufacture of high-strength structural parts in which the physical and mechanical properties such as strength and toughness are more important and the appearance requirements are relatively low. In addition, it is also used in corrosion-resistant or heat-resistant environments. Efficient flame-retardant, low smoke density, low toxicity epoxy vinyl ester resin is mainly used in trains, trams, subways and light rails. At present, the most important long-distance transportation in China is trains, for the traffic in large cities. In terms of subways and light rails. Thermoset composite materials, with their inherent characteristics, have contributed to the development of railways and other rail industries; the common disadvantages of the use of unsaturated polyester resins in the railway industry are flammability, vehicle stopping and passengers evacuating. not enough time. Various countries in the world have established different flame-retardant standards, protective measures, and terms to protect passenger safety.

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