Emerald language and common sense

The geological conditions of jadeite formation are very harsh. It requires a high-pressure and low-temperature geological environment (pressure 5×10(3)-7×10(3)kpa, temperature 150-300°C). First of all, jadeite is very difficult to form throughout the earth's crust and is very rare. In addition, its surrounding rock-one ultra-basic rock is also very rare. With the above two conditions as a premise, it is necessary to have a trace amount of chromium ions - pigment ions in a certain temperature range, in a long time, uninterrupted into the jade lattice, in order to form a general green jade.

1. What is super jade?

In order to become a special jadeite-emerald, the following conditions must be met: the emerald surrounding rock must be high-magnesium, high-calcium and low-iron rock. The jadeite produced in this environment is purer and less iron makes the bottom not gray. Despite the low iron, there is still iron. To make the jade pure and impurity-free, it must be produced under strong reduction conditions in a reducing environment. Because in the anoxic environment, the Fe contained in it will form magnetite and precipitate, instead of entering the jade lattice, the emerald green can be corrected. In addition, there must be geological effects after the formation of jade and many strong hydrothermal activities, and the jadeite will be transformed into a green jade, a good water, and a pure jade. The jade color forming process is carried out along with the hydrothermal activity and is a color forming process with different intensities. Moreover, the coloring element slowly decomposed into chromium ions should be at 150-300 ° C for a long time, and the optimum temperature is about 212 ° C. The chromium ions can enter the crystal lattice uniformly and uninterrupted, and the jadeite generated under such conditions The green color is very uniform. After the complete generation of super jade, there is no large geological tectonic movement, otherwise there will be cracks of different sizes and directions, which will affect the quality. It is difficult to have all of the above conditions at the same time, which is why the special jadeite is rare.

2. What is the approximate time of jadeite generation?

From the Jurassic (about 180 million years) of the Burmese plate collided with the Eurasia plate and subducted beneath the Eurasian plate, to the Oligocene (about 35 million years) of the Third Age, the India-Pakistan plate Collided with the Burmese plate of the Eurasia plate and subducted under the Eurasian Burmese plate. These two collisions, especially the second collision, not only caused the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to rise and bulge, but also caused the roof of the world. The original remaining Burmese plate is more fragmented, causing large and small faults, and ultrabasic rocks and other magmatic rocks invade along the fault zone. These ultrabasic rocks are the precursors of the jadeite deposit. It is a high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphic belt, mainly occurring during the Himalayas movement. These ultrabasic rocks are mainly composed of serpentine, peridotite and amphibole. Invaded into the blue amphibole schist.

According to the field geological relationship and absolute age, the intrusion time of the ultrabasic rocks should be from the late Cretaceous to the early Tertiary (between 70 million and 65 million years), and there is a later generation (third period). ) Granite and later gabbro, etc. (which contains gold). It can be judged from the above that the generation time of the jadeite should be generated after the formation of the serpentineized peridotite which begins to invade. After the Quaternary Pleistocene, a large number of jadeite boulder have been eroded and transported.

3. What is jade?

Broadly speaking, jadeite is a commercial name that has commercial value and reaches gem-quality jadeite. It is a general term for gem-quality jadeite of various colors. The narrow jade concept stone refers to those green gem-quality jadeite. Geology is called jadeite, a fibrous aggregate composed of pyroxene minerals mainly composed of jadeite minerals, and jadeite with chromium as a coloring element. The gem-quality jadeite is very close to the theoretical value of jadeite.

4. What is the species of jade?

Refers to the structure and structure of jadeite, which is an important symbol of jadeite quality. The new "species" (also known as the new pit new plant, etc.) jade, loose texture, coarser grain size and uneven thickness, more impurity minerals, cracks and micro-cracks are more developed, but not necessarily poor transparency, specific gravity There is a drop. The old "species" (also known as ** old factory, etc.) jadeite, the structure is delicate and compact, the particle size is fine and uniform, the micro-cracks are not developed, and its hardness has the highest specific gravity, which is the jade with good quality. But not necessarily transparency. The new and old species of jade is between the new species and the old jade. It is the jade that remains on the hillside and is not transported by nature or transported in a short distance. The new species of jade is the raw material for making jade B goods.

5. What is the land of jade?

The meaning of “land” is the degree of coordination between the cleanliness of the green part of the jadeite and the part of the green and the water (transparency) and color, and the relationship between “species”, “water” and “color”. The folks call "land" "land" or "base barrier". Cui and Cui outside part should be coordinated, if Cui is very good, but the water difference in the outer part of Cui is more dirty, called "good color difference". Cui's "water" and "species" should be coordinated, such as "species" old color is good, water is good, impurities are less dirty, set off against each other, strongly reflecting the emerald's love, light and value. The structure of "ground" should be delicate, the color tone should be uniform, the impurities are less dirty, and there is a certain degree of transparency. It is better to call "ground". Good "land" is called glass ground, sputum, egg white. Bad "ground" is called lime, shit and so on. The jade with bad water is called the "bottom dry."

6. What is jade water?

Emerald water refers to its transparency, also known as the water head. The water of the emerald is related to the structure of the jadeite, that is to say to the "species". It is also related to the content of impurities. Those “ages” are old, have less impurities, have uniform particle size, and have high purity of jade water.

7. What is the fog of jade?

Emerald fog refers to a semi-oxidized, slightly weathered jadeite between the jade skin (weathered or oxidized) and the interior of the jade (no weathering or oxidation) or meat. In essence, it is also part of the jade, a transitional zone from weathered crust to unweathered flesh (jade). The color and presence of the fog can indicate how much impurities are inside the jade. The "species" are always new, the transparency is good and the internal cleanliness. But it does not indicate whether there is green in it, not related to green. The fog is divided into white, yellow, red, gray, black, and the like. If the outer skin is worn away, it reveals a light white white mist, indicating that the impurities are less "ground" and have a certain degree of transparency. If there is green under the white mist, it is very pure green, and the value of the ground is matched with the ground. Liancheng. White fog also means that "the species" is old, and most people like to gamble on white fog. The yellow fog shows that the iron and other elements in it are gradually oxidizing, but there is no serious oxidation. If it is a pure yellowish fog, it shows that there are few impurity elements, and high cui often appears. However, sometimes the blue-green tone produced by iron ions may enter the jadeite lattice, and the greenish blue-green tone appears. The red fog indicates that the iron contained in it has been severely oxidized, and gray "ground" may appear inside the jade. Black fog is mainly caused by oxidation of a large amount of impurity elements, indicating that there are many impurities in the jadeite and the transparency is poor. Some black fog will also appear high, but sometimes the water is very poor. Not all jadeites produce fog, and some jade sites produce jade without fog. In general, jadeite materials that produce fog are prolific in the mines of old factories and old and new factories.

8. What is the jadeite?

癣 refers to plaques and strips of black and gray black in the jade skin or inside. The shapes and sizes of enamel are different. The main minerals of these black enamel are hornblende, smectite schist, chromite and some oxides. Composition, because these black minerals are intimately related to the colored chromium ions, and the black minerals, the chromite in the crucible, continuously emit color-chromic ions, which make the emerald green under appropriate conditions. Therefore, 癣 is closely related to green. The folks called "black with green" and "green". However, there are not necessarily green, green is not necessarily flawed, depending on the environment and time of the formation of the earth, and whether there are factors such as the presence of chromium in the earth. Therefore, the folks have the saying of "death" and "living". In the process of generating jade and after many geological movements and multiple hydrothermal activities, there is a geological environment in which chromium is released, which can make jade green. At this time, there is not necessarily a flaw, and there is little relationship between green and green. If 癣 and jade symbiosis, it is conducive to the geological conditions and hydrothermal activity of chrome release. The chrome in the sputum is continuously released and the color is changed. When the local environment changes, it is not conducive to the release of chrome. When the coloration is terminated, black will be produced. With the phenomenon of green walking, it is called live cockroaches.

After the generation of jade, the resulting "癣", without the geological conditions of the release of chromium, produced the nickname "dead". According to the green and enamel on the jadeite raw materials, the small structure and the intervening relationship between the tumor and the jadeite mineral and the cockroach can accurately judge the live cockroaches and the dead cockroaches. The relationship between 癣 and green can be divided, 癣 and green are not easy to separate from each other, 逐步 and green gradually transition or clear boundaries, green and 癣 are separated by a distance, and the parties exist alone. Sometimes there is a "pine flower" display next to it, which indicates that there is green inside, but how much green it has and its shape cannot be judged.

9. What is the jade of jade?

On the epidermis of jade raw materials, see the regular or directional arrangement of weathered and semi-weathered sand with the same or deep or light color as the epidermis, indicating the directional dynamic deterioration of the original stone. The co-strong influence of hydrothermal alteration has the potential to cause chromium to be released and green. Where there is a umbilical cord, there is not necessarily a green color. It is necessary to have a "song flower" to indicate that there may be green inside. The scales indicate that "the species" is old. The belt is generally parallel to the green direction, the green trend (pulse) or the shape of the green, mostly the primary crack is filled with chromium ions and color.

10. What is the jade flower?

The jade skin is faintly visible like some dried mossy patches, and the plaques and strips are called "pine flowers." It refers to the green color on the original jadeite material, which has been gradually lost due to weathering. According to the depth, shape, direction, amount and density of the pine flower color, the depth, direction, size and shape of the green color can be inferred. When observing, it is necessary to study the raw materials on the raw materials.

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