[China Glass Net] Tempered glass, also known as tempered glass, is a physical or chemical method that forms a compressive stress layer on the surface of the glass. The glass itself has a high compressive strength and will not cause damage. When the glass is subjected to an external force, the pressure layer can offset the partial tensile stress to avoid the chipping of the glass. Although the inside of the tempered glass is in a state of large tensile stress, the interior of the glass has no defects and does not cause damage. To achieve the purpose of increasing the strength of the glass.
Tempered glass is a secondary processing product of flat glass. The processing of tempered glass can be divided into physical tempering method and chemical tempering method.
Physical tempered glass is also known as hardened tempered glass. When the ordinary flat glass is heated in the heating furnace to near the softening temperature (600 ° C) of the glass, the internal stress is removed by its own deformation, and then the glass is removed from the heating furnace, and the high pressure cold air is blown to the glass by the multi-head nozzle. The tempered glass can be obtained by rapidly and uniformly cooling the two sides to room temperature. This kind of glass is under tension and externally stressed. Once local damage occurs, stress is released and the glass is broken into numerous small pieces. These small pieces have no sharp edges and are not easy to injure people.
Chemically tempered glass increases the strength of the glass by changing the chemical composition of the surface of the glass, and is generally tempered by ion exchange. The method comprises the steps of: immersing a silicate glass containing an alkali metal ion in a molten lithium (Li+) salt, exchanging Na+ or K+ ions of the glass surface layer with Li+ ions, and forming a Li+ ion exchange layer on the surface, due to Li+ The expansion coefficient is smaller than that of Na+ and K+ ions, so that the outer layer shrinks less and the inner layer shrinks more during the cooling process. When cooled to normal temperature, the glass is also in the inner layer and the outer layer is under pressure. Similar to physical tempered glass.
The strength of tempered glass is high, its compressive strength can reach above 125MPa, 4~5 times larger than ordinary glass; the impact strength is also very high. When measured by steel ball method, 0.8kg steel ball falls from 1.2m height, glass can be Keep it in good condition. The elasticity of tempered glass is much larger than that of ordinary glass. A piece of tempered glass of 1200mm×350mm×6mm can be bent to a depth of 100mm after being subjected to force. When the external force is removed, it can still be restored to its original shape. A few millimeters.
The thermal stability is good. When it is subjected to rapid cooling and rapid heat, it is not easy to cause cracking, which is another feature of tempered glass. This is because the compressive stress of the tempered glass can offset some of the tensile stress caused by the rapid cooling. The tempered glass has thermal shock resistance, and the large safe working temperature is 288 ° C, which can withstand the temperature difference of 204 ° C.
Because tempered glass has good mechanical properties and thermal stability, it is widely used in construction engineering, transportation and other fields. Flat tempered glass is often used as doors and windows, partition walls, curtain walls and window windows, furniture, etc. of buildings. Curved glass is often used in automobiles, trains and airplanes.
It should be noted that the tempered glass can not be cut and ground, and the corners can not be crushed. It needs to be selected according to the ready-made size specifications or the specific design drawings can be customized. The glass used for the large-area glass curtain wall should be controlled on the tempering. The semi-tempered glass should be selected, that is, the stress should not be too large to avoid self-explosion due to the vibration caused by the wind load.
Depending on the original glass used, it can be made into ordinary tempered glass, endothermic tempered glass, tempered tempered glass, tempered insulating glass, and the like.
Blue Agate Gemstone :
There are many different types of agate depending on the colors and formation. Common types of agate include blue agate, moss agate, green agate, tree and wood agate, Indian black agate, Montana agate, banded agate, red agate, graveyard point agate. A Mexican agate, showing only a single eye, has received the name of cyclops agate. Included matter of a green, golden, red, black or other color or combinations embedded in the chalcedony and disposed in filaments and other forms suggestive of vegetable growth, gives rise to dendritic or moss agate.
How to identify and choose the agate?
Agate is a kind of Gemstone Jewelry ,the jewelry which produced by agate is quite popular with women. But How to identify the true agate?Please according to the following rules.The symbol of the difference between Natural agate and false is there has cross-sectional structure of a layer of grain, Make use of this flag, agate will be very easy to identify. The finished products after cutting, because there is no obvious pattern neatly, so it's easy to confuse the two. But generally speaking, natural agate has cool feeling, like a painted surface, a layer of wax and a wax luster, translucency, It's the hardness of the Moroccan 6-7,Even it will not scratch if use the knife.
Because it is in the molten state to form crystals, so mostly of them are spherical, the internal structure of the nature agate is tighter.
After grinding the surface is more delicate, rough wood and agate for a dramatic friction, instant, the agate is not fever, but wood will burning. It Is often mixed with a variety of colors, forming a beautiful pattern, such as the flowery one or the striped one.
The fake agate is synthetic, part of them are act as a high-quality stone. Its basic features are: Though it has cool handfeel, but there is no waxy feel and gloss. Some of the hardness is low, It is not easy to Score the agate with a knife . broke it and observed the cross-section, in addition to it has not the laminated structure, granular-roughened or hispidulous;Check for any gaps. Opaque, the color is clear-cut. Some unscrupulous traders glue a thin layer of organic on the surface of fake agate, it will giving a waxy luster and good feeling .This gives a person a kind of illusion. Meantime, The name must not let confuse an eye when buying, must notice to distinguish. Please Careful selection .
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