On this Saturday, a large Tang Dynasty tomb in Fangshan Changgou will open the epitaph to reveal the stone. This will decrypt the "identity card" of the tomb owner and read information such as his true identity and life. Previously, cultural relic experts speculated that the owner of the tomb was Liu Ji and his wife. This official position is equivalent to the current provincial and ministerial level cadres.
Discovery of the ancient tombs of the Tang Dynasty in Fangshan, Beijing
Yesterday, the reporter took the lead in exploring the “luxury†tombs with an area of ​​about 500 square meters. In addition to the preservation of relatively complete epitaphs, colorful murals are also one of the highlights of the ancient tombs. There were many stolen traces in the tomb of the two tombs. The archaeologists only found a male bone and found the place beside the trampoline; the female bones were not found. Experts will study the bones that have been discovered and finally determine their age of death and their true identity.
The tomb of the Tang Tomb was stolen
This tomb is located in the northwest of Fengzhuang Village, Changgou Town, Fangshan District, on a small soil slope. Nowadays, a simple “board room†has been built on the top of the slope, and all the tombs are caged.
Walking into the "room", the hot air was overwhelming, but there was no smell of muddy soil. Cheng Li, the person in charge of the Municipal Cultural Relics Research Institute, said: "The tombs have been robbed many times, and the top structure has been destroyed. The earliest burglary was about the Jin Dynasty and even earlier."
Overlooking the tomb, the tomb, the tomb, the vestibule, the front stern, the ear chamber, the alcove, the main chamber, the side chamber, the posterior sac and the posterior chamber are clearly structured and almost everywhere damaged. According to the materials provided by the Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau, the upper part of the tomb door was severely damaged, leaving only the outer walls on both sides. From the façade of the brick wall, the imitation wood structure can be seen. There is a painting on it. It is inferred that the original brick-like imitation wood-framed door-type tomb door exists. The overall structure is unknown, but the original wooden door has been destroyed. The tomb door is blocked with bricks, and the door bricks are arranged in three rows of "human" shaped masonry in the north and south, and the upper part is harassed. The north side of the tomb is the vestibule, and the upper part is destroyed.
The funerary objects are not spared. The funerary objects are placed in the east and west ear rooms. The original wooden boxes and food boxes have been stolen, and only copper ornaments, animal bones, and wood ash remain.
Character floral mural cover "silver yarn"
On the tomb wall, many places are now covered with silver shade cloth. Cheng Li said: "There are paintings in these places. In order to avoid damage, we have done a simple process, and the cover is mainly for protection."
The number of reporters is counted. The current mural covers include tombs, tombs, vestibules, front sampans, east and west ear chambers, east and west wall plaques, main rooms, east and west rooms, and rear chambers. The main room wall is covered with white ash, painted with murals, and painted in various colors such as red, black, yellow and green.
According to a field staff, the murals of the tombs mainly include music and dance performances, home life, painted buildings, maids, animals, plants, etc., depicting the customs, costumes, entertainment and architectural styles of the time. Important information on social life, especially the aristocratic life and spiritual pursuit.
These murals also help experts restore the original appearance of the tomb. For example, the painted pattern at the bottom of the niche is a lotus seat shape, from which it can be inferred that the empty tomb of the beast should be placed in the town. “The murals in the tombs are extremely fragile and require a high degree of preservation.†Cheng Li said, “At present, the disclosure and protection of murals has been completed almost half.â€
Mrs. Liu Gong’s “document†corner
Stone artifacts unearthed in the tomb include the Tang Youzhou Festival, Liu Gong's Epitaph, Mrs. Liu Gong's Epitaph, painted stone sarcophagus, stone members and so on. According to Cheng Li, the epitaph is divided into two parts, Zhige and Zhishi, which are equivalent to the "identity card" of the owner of the tomb.
The tomb of Liu Gong was found between the partition wall on the north side of the former ramp and the main room door. The top of the cover is engraved with "Tangzhou Youlu Lulong Festival Observations, etc., so that the Chinese Book Order is given to the Taigong Liu Gong Epitaph", 6 lines, 24 words, and the script. The surface of the Zhigai is beautifully decorated. The four-breasted inscriptions engrave the image of the zodiac, and the peony patterns in the four corners. Zhishi and the cover are interlocked, rectangular, and the four sides of the façade are carved with a peony pattern. It is still saved in place and has not been opened yet. Cheng Li said: "The tomb cover has traces of incitement, which may have been left by the former tomb thief."
Relatively speaking, Mrs. Liu Gong’s “documents†are slightly worse, and there is a flaw in the corner of Zhigai. "The tomb of Mrs. Liu Gong is located outside the tomb of Liu Gong, which proves that her death time is later than her husband." Cheng Li said that her epitaph surface is beautifully decorated, and the four-browed embossed wenwan embraces the zodiac shape, with embossed painted peony flowers. pattern. The Shishi is a square, and the four sides of the façade are engraved with a peony pattern.
The raft disappears only the stone bed
Due to the destruction of the dynasties, the main room of the tomb only has a stone-type stone boring machine, which is preserved intact. There are a large number of embossed painted diamonds and sacred beasts, which are beautifully produced and are rare in the same type of archaeological remains throughout the country. However, the stone raft was originally placed on the trampoline and has been destroyed.
The stone bed is similar to the shape of the coffin. The plane is trapezoidal, narrow in the south and narrow in the north. It is made up of 6 layers of stone. Each layer has a different form, or an embossed diamond face and a beast shape, or a painted lotus and peony pattern image. The sarcophagus has been destroyed, and only some of the stone components are now available. Among them, the south side of the stone slab is the most beautifully shaped. The middle part is engraved with “faux wood-framed false doorsâ€. The embossed image of the door frame, door sill, door leaf, breast nails and door locks are painted.
There are also some ancient tomb necessities that are common in novels. For example, there is a stone pillar in the southeast of the main room, and a stone bowl is placed next to it. This is actually a disintegrated long lamp. The stone bowl is a lamp urn with a embossed lotus shape and a lined peony ornament. In the west side room, the iron armor fragments were unearthed, probably before the tomb owner wore it.
News notice
Epitaph opens BTV live broadcast
From August to December 2012, the Municipal Cultural Relics Research Institute carried out some clean-up and excavation work on the Tombs of the Tang Dynasty. Since March this year, the department has continued archaeological excavations of tombs, and carried out on-site protection of murals and stone artifacts. On Saturday, Beijing TV will open a live broadcast of the epitaph.
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